八年级下册英语知识点（初二英语下册知识点）
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Unit1 what' s the matter?
1. It’s +形容词 + for sb. + to do sth. 做某事对某人来说是…的。
It’s important to do sth. 做某事很重要。
It’s important for me to eat a balanced diet. 平衡饮食对我来说是很重要的.
It’s easy to do sth. 做某事是容易的。
It’s easy for us to find out the answer. 找出答案对我们来说是容易的。
2. 情态动词should的用法
should是情态动词，它的基本用法是必须和其他动词一起构成谓语。意为"应该......"。
should（应当，应该）用于所有人称，表示劝告或建议。
eg. ---I have a very bad cold. 我感冒很厉害。
---You should lie down and have a rest. 你应该躺下，多喝水。
3. maybe与may be
（1）maybe是副词，译为“也许、可能”，相当于“perhaps”。如：Maybe he can answer the question. 也许他能回答那个问题。
He maybe is from the USA, too. 他可能也来自美国。
（2）may be中的may为情态动词，译为“可能是......”。如：
He may be from the USA, too. 他可能也来自美国。
She may be our English teacher. 她可能是我们的英语老师。
4. few、a few、little、a little的区别和联系：
（1）few / a few用来修饰可数名词，few表示否定意义，没有，几乎没有；a few表示肯定意义， 有几个。 例如：
He has few friends here, he feels lonely. 他这里没朋友，他感觉寂寞。
There are a few eggs in the basket. 篮子里有几个鸡蛋。
（2）little / a little用来修饰不可数名词，little表示否定意义，没有，几乎没有； a little 表示肯定意义，有一点儿。 例如：
There is little ink in my bottle. Can you give me a little ink? 我的瓶子里没有墨水了，你能给我点儿墨水吗？
5. not…until 直到…动词为延续性动词
We stayed here till/until 12 o’clock.
Unit2 I'll help clean the city parks.
1. 短语动词小结
常见动词短语结构有下面几种：
（1）动词+副词 如：give up 放弃；turn off 关掉；stay up 熬夜
这种结构有时相当于及物动词，如果其宾语是代词，就必须放在动
词和副词之间，如果是名词，则既可插在动词和副词之间，也可放
在短语动词后。
（2）动词+介词 如：listen of 听；look at 看；belong to 属于
这种结构相当于及物动词，后面跟宾语。
（3）动词+副词+介词 如：come up with 提出，想出； run out of 用完，耗尽
（4）动词+名词+介词 如：take part in参加；catch hold of 抓住
2. each 每个，各自的，强调事物的个别情况，常与of 连用
every 每个，每一个的，一切的，有“全体”的意思不能与of 连用
3. help sb. run out run out of 主语为人，表示主动含义。
He is always running out of money before pay day. 他总是在发工资的日子还没有到就把钱花完了。
两者在一定条件下可以互换
如：The petrol is running out. 汽油快用完了= We are running out of petrol.
Our time is running out. 我们剩下的时间不多了。= We are running out of time.
7. work out
（1）结局，结果为
The strategies that he came up with worked out fine. 他提出的这个策略效果很好。
（2）算出，制订出，消耗完（精力等）
He never seems to be worked out. 他好像永远不会疲乏似的。
He worked out a plan. 他制订了一个计划。
I have worked out our total expenses. 我已经算出了我们总的费用。
8. hang out 闲荡 闲逛
I like to hang out at mall with my friends. 我喜欢和我的朋友一起去购物中心闲荡。
9. be able to do 能，会
be unable to do 不能，不会
10. for sure 确实如此，毫无疑问
You don’t have money. That’s for sure. 你没有钱，这是毫无疑问的。
11. fill… with… 使…充满… 用…填充…
She filled the bowl with water. 她用水填满碗。
12. hand out 分发 hand out bananas
give out 分发 give out sth to sb. 分….给某人
give up doing 放弃… give up smoking 放弃吸烟
give away 赠送 捐赠 give away money to kids
give sb. sth. 给某人某东西 give me money 给我钱
give sth. to sb. 给某人某东西 give money to me 给我线
13. help sb. out 帮助…做事，解决难题使，让，get + 宾语 + 宾补 使某人/某物怎么样
Please get you coat clean.
Get your mouth closed.
get sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事
I got him to call Jim yesterday.
（4）向对方提出建议或请求
How about going out for a walk?
How about something to eat?
（2）向对方征求意见或看法
How about the TV play ?
How about buying the house now ?
pay 花费 spend 花费 cost 花费 take 花费 sleep 动词, 睡觉, 强调动作。
I am very tired. I want to sleep. 我很累，想睡觉。
（2）sleeping, sleep 的现在分词, 表示“ 正在睡觉”。
Don’t make so much noise. The baby is sleeping. 不要这么吵，宝宝在睡觉。
（3）sleepy 想睡觉的, 困倦的。
I am a little sleepy. I’d like to go to bed. 我有点困了，我想去床上睡觉了。
（4）asleep 睡着了的。
The teacher found Tom asleep in class and kept him behind after school. 老师发现汤姆上课睡觉，放学后就把他留了下来。
（5）fall asleep 强调从没有睡着到睡着的过程, 不能接一段时间。
I couldn’t fall asleep until it was very late last night . 我昨天晚上到很晚才睡着。
（6）be asleep 表示睡着后的状态 , “ 睡着了”, 可以接一段时间。
He was asleep for three hours. 他睡了3个小时。
8. open
起飞
When did the plane take off yesterday? 飞机什么时候起飞？
（2）脱下取消
They will take off the 5 am train . 他们取消了早上5点的火车。
4. get out 跟随 I followed him up he hill. 我跟着他上了山.
（2）沿着……前进 Follow this road until you get to the post office. 顺着这条路一直到邮局.
（3）听懂，理解 Could you speak more slowly? I can’t follow you. 你能说慢点吗？我听不懂。
（4）follow sb. to do sth. 跟着某人做某事
Please follow me to read the story. 请跟我读这个故事。
6. shout at 大声喊叫，多指因生气而非善意的大声叫喊
Don’t shout at the little boy. He is too young. 不要对他大叫，他还太小。
shout to 大声喊叫，多指因距离远而不得不大声叫喊
We should shout to him , or he can’t hear us. 我们应该朝他叫喊，否则他听不到我们的声音。
7. happen 发生，具体事件偶然的没有预见的发生
（1）happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事
I happened to meet one of my old friends in the park yesterday .昨天我在公园碰巧遇见我的一个老朋友。
（2）sth happens to sb. 某人发生了某事
An car accident happened to him last month. 上个月他发生了交通事故.
take place 发生
（1）按计划进行或按计划发生
Great changes have taken place in China in recent years. 最近几年中国发生了巨大的变化.
（2）hear of 听说 , 后接表示人或物的词
I have never heard of him before. 我以前从来没有听说过他。
hear from 收到某人的来信
I heard from my daughter in New York yesterday. 我昨天收到在纽约的女儿的来信。
13. 主语 + be + one of the + 形容词最高级 + 复数名词 + in / of 短语。
…… 是……中最……的……之一.
This was one of the most important events in modern American history. 这是美国历史上最重要的事件之一。
Xiamen is one of the most beautiful cities in China. 厦门是中国最漂亮的城市之一。
13. experience
（1）名词经验, 不可数名词 ; 经历, 体验, 可数名词
Have you had any experience of fishing? 你有钓鱼的经验吗?
Could you tell us about your experiences in Africa? 你能给我们谈谈你在非洲的经历吗?
（2）动词 经历, 感觉
The children experienced many difficulties this time. 这次孩子们经历了许多困难.
experienced 形容词 有经验的
be experienced in/at doing sth. = have much experience in/at doing sth. 做某事很有经验.
She is an experienced teacher. 他是一个经验丰富的教师。
He is very experienced in/at repairing cars. 他修车很有经验。
14. as … as … 和…… 一样… 两个as之间用形容词或副词的原形。
He works as carefully as she. 他和她一样工作认真。
She is as tall as her mother. 她和母亲一样高。
not as… as… 不如某人/某物…
He isn’t as / so old as he looks . 他不像看起来那么老。
She doesn’t run as / so fast as her brother. 她不如她哥哥跑得那么快。
15. have fun = have a good/great/wonderful time = enjoy oneself 玩得开心，过得愉快
Did you have fun at the party? 昨天在派对上玩的开心吗？
= Did you have a good/great/wonderful time ?
= Did you enjoy yourself ?
have fun doing sth. 开心做某事
I’m just having fun playing the guitar . 我正开心的弹吉他呢。
16. accident 事故, 意外遭遇
He was killed in an accident. 他死于一起意外事故.
traffic accident 交通事故
Many people die in traffic accidents every year. 每年有很多人死于交通事故。
by accident 偶然, 意外地
We met at the airport by accident . 我们偶然在机场遇见。
18. think about 考虑 What a beautiful girl What a clever boy What interesting pictures What tall buildings What delicious food What bad weather How heavy the box is! 多么重的箱子呀!
How fast he runs! 他跑得多快呀!
（8）How careful the girl is! 多么细心的姑娘呀!
How well she plays the piano! 她的钢琴弹得多好呀!
20. 过去进行时
过去进行时的用法
（1）过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。
What were you doing at 8:30 this morning? 今天早上8点半你正在做什么？
When I called him, he was having dinner. 当我打电话给他时，他正在吃饭。
（2）过去某段时间正在进行的动作。
What were you doing from seven to nine yesterday? 你昨天7点到9点在做什么？
I was reading the whole morning yesterday. 我昨天一整个早上都在看书。
过去进行时的构成
（1）肯定句：主语 + was / were +动词ing形式 + 时间状语。
（2）否定句：主语 + was / were + not + 动词ing形式 + 时间状语。
（3）疑问句：was / were + 主语 + 动词ing形式 + 时间状语 ？
肯定回答：Yes , 主语 + was / were .
否定回答：No, 主语 + was / were + not .
Unit6 An old man tried to move the mountains.
1. What do you think about/of...?
So what do you think about the story of Yu Gong?=How do you like the story of Yu Gong? 你觉得愚公的故事如何？
2. It doesn’t seem adj. to do sth...
It doesn’t seem very possible to move a mountain. 把一座山给移掉好像不太可能。
3. This is because...
This is because he can make 72 changes to his shape and size, turning himself into different animals and objects. 这是因为他会根据他的形状和大小，做出72种变化，可以将自己变成不同的动物或东西。
4. … so… that+从句
Sometimes he can make the stick so small that he can keep it in his ear. 有时候他使金箍棒变得如此小以至于他可以把它放在耳朵里。
5. It takes sb. some time to do sth...
Because they were so big that it took a long time to walk to the other side. 因为它们如此之大以至于走到另一边花费了很长时间。
6. ...not...until十从句 直到......才......
Don’t eat it until you get to the forest. 你们到达森林之后才能吃。
7. shoot v.射，射击，过去式shot
Hou Yi shoots the sun. 后羿射日。
shoot at sth. 瞄准/朝......射击
8. as soon as…“一…...就...…，刚...…就...…”
I will tell him the news as soon as he comes back. 他一回来我就把消息告诉他。
He took out his English book as soon as he sat down. 他一坐下就把英语书拿出来了。
9. A god was so moved by Yu Gong that he send two gods to take the mountains away.
感动
I was moves by your kindness. 我被你的善良打动了。
带走，拿走
Someone took my iPhone away while I was waiting in the station. 当我在车站等车的时候，有人拿走了我的iphone。
take out 带出去，拿出去
take turns “少于” There are less than 30 girls in my class. 我们班不足30个女生。
more than （中间不加任何词）“超过，多于，相当于over”
There are more than 30 girls in my class. 我们班有超过30个女生。
Unit8 Have you read Treasure Island？
1. Have you read Little Woman yet? 你读过《小妇人》这本书吗？
现在完成时的基本句型：
肯定式：主语 + 助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词。
疑问式：助动词Have/Has + 主语 + 动词的过去分词?
否定式: 主语 + 助动词have/has + not + 动词的过去分词。
现在完成时的主要用法
1）表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常和副词already, yet, never, ever ,before ,just等连用。.
I have finished my homework. I am free. 表示过去已经开始, 持续到现在的动作或状态。常与since + 过去的时间点， for + 一段时间，so far 等时间状语连用。
I have learnt English for more than ten years. 我已经学了10多年的英语。
in a hurry=in one’s hurry 匆忙地
hurry to do sth 匆忙去做
hurry sb. 催促某人
6. One of them died but the other ran towards my house. 他们中的一个人死了，另一个朝我的房子这边跑过来了。
the other 另一个 , one …the other一个….另一个think of, 固定短语，表示“提到（某人、某物、某事或某主意等），考虑，思考，对......有某种看法”，后接名词，代词、动词-ing形式。
--- What do you think of your Chinese teacher?
--- I like her very much.
（2）think of 表示“思考，考虑，对......有某种看法”时，可以与think about 互换。
What do you think of the movie? = What do you think about the movie?
（3）think of 表示“想出，想着，想起”时，不可用think about 代替。
I always think of my childhood. 我总是想起我的童年。
（4）think over意为“仔细考虑，认真考虑”，强调思考的程度比think of/about深，相当于think about...carefully。 其中over是副词，宾语若是名词，则可位于over之前或之后；当宾语是代词时，则必须放在over之前。
Think it over before you do it. 三思而后行。
Unit9 Have you ever been to an amusement park?
1. —Have you ever been to…? ---你曾经去过游乐园吗？
—Yes，I have. / No，I haven’t. ---是的，去过。/不，没去过。
I/He/She have / has never been to… 我/他/她从没去过……
I/He/She have / has been to… many times. 我/他/她去过...…很多次。
I’d like to go there again. 我还想再去一次。
2. — Have you ever been to an amusement park? ---你曾经去过游乐园吗？
— Yes，I have. / No，I haven’t. ---是的，去过。/不，没去过。 点拨1
have been to＋地点 去过某地
I have been to Beijing. 我去过北京。
辨析：have been to＋sp.与 have gone to ＋sp.
①have been to ＋sp., 表示去过某处，现在已经回来了，不在那里了。
We have been to Qingdao. 我们去过青岛。（现在不在青岛）
②have gone to ＋sp., 表示到某处去了，现在还没有回来。
They have gone to Sydney. 他们去悉尼了。（现在在悉尼或在途中）
③have been in ＋sp., 表示在某处呆过多长时间。
How long have you been in China? 你在中国住了多长时间？
3. neither, nor用法相同，都用于否定的倒装，意为“也不”。
so用于肯定的倒装。意为“也”。
①否定句＋neither/nor＋be(have, 助动词或情态动词)＋另一主语，表示“也不”。
If you won’t go, neither will I. 如果你不去，我也不去。
He isn’t a teacher, neither am I. 他不是老师，我也不是。
②肯定句＋so＋be(have, 助动词或情态动词)＋另一主语，表示“也”。
She likes apples, so does her brother. 她喜欢苹果，她弟弟也喜欢。
He is from the USA, so is his wife. 他是美国人，他妻子也是。
4. 辨析：hear，hear of与hear from
(1)hear为及物动词，意为“听见，听到”，后可跟复合宾语
hear sb do sth表示“听见某人做了某事”或hear sb doing sth表示“听见某人正做某事”。
We listened but could hear nothing. 我们留心听，却什么也没有听见。
I heard her singing in her room. 我听见她正在房间里唱歌。
(2)hear还可作“听说”讲，后常跟that引导的宾语从句。
I heard that he was ill. 我听说他病了。
I heard that it’s a good film. 我听说那是部好影片。
(3)hear of意为“听说”，后跟人或物作宾语。
I’ve never heard of that place. 我从未听说过那个地方。
Have you ever heard of that story? 你听说过那个故事吗？
(4)hear from意为“收到某人的来信”，后跟人作宾语。
How often do you hear from your sister? 你多长时间收到你姐姐的一次信？
I heard from him last week. 我上周收到他的信。
5. find，find out与look for都含有“寻找，找到”的意思，但其含义和用法却不同。
(1)find意为“找到，发现”，通常指找到或发现具体的东西，也可指偶然发现某物或某种情况，强调的是找的结果。
Will you find me a pen? 你替我找支钢笔好吗？
He didn’t find his bike. 他没找到他的自行车。
(2)look for意为“寻找”，是有目的地找，强调“寻找”这一动作。
I don’t find my pen；I’m looking for it everywhere. 我没有找到我的钢笔，我正到处找。
(3)find out意为“找出，发现，查明”，多指通过调查、询问、打听、研究之后“搞清楚，弄明白”，通常含有“经过困难曲折”的含义，指找出较难找到的、无形的、抽象的东西。
Please find out when the train leaves. 请查一下火车什么时候离站。
Read this passage，and find out the answer to this question. 读这篇短文，找出这个问题的答案。
Unit10 I’ve had this bike for three years.
1. Some… Others...
Some people still live in their hometown. However, others may only see it once or twice a year.
有些人仍然住在家乡。然而，另一些人可能一年只能回家乡一两次。
2. As for me, I did not want to give up my football shirts, but, to be honest，I have not played for a while now.
至于我，我不想放弃我的足球衣。但是，说实在的，我现在巳经有一段时间没有踢(足球)了。
3. Have you ever thought about having a yard sale to sell your things? 你是否曾经想过要举办一个庭院拍卖会来出售东西？
4. What would you do with the money you raise? 你会怎么处理你所筹集到的钱？
5. 与现在完成时连用的时间状语
already (肯定句)；yet (否定或疑问)；just；before；never；ever；recently最近；so far 到目前为止；
表示次数的词，如：once, twice, three times；
for+时间段= since+时间段+ago；since+过去时间点；since+过去时的句子；
how long；these days等
附：常见的非延续动词转换为延续性动词表。
1. 转换为相应的延续性动词。
borrow — keep
buy — have
put on — wear
catch/get a cold — have a cold
get to know — know
get to sleep — sleep
2. 转化为“be + 形容词/副词/介词/名词”
close — be closed
open — be open
die — be dead
become — be
fall sleep — be asleep
wake up — be awake
make friends — be friends
fall/get ill — be ill
lose — be lost/missing
marry — be married
leave (+地点) — be away (from +地点)
come back/go back/return — be back
begin / start — be on
go out — be out
finish — be over
get up — be up
go to bed — be in bed
join — be in/be a member of
get to/arrive in(at)/reach — be (in/at)
come to/go to/move to — be (in/at)