定语从句语法总结that和which的区别（定语从句语法总结思维导图）
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词，用作定语的从句叫做定语从句用来引导定语从句，在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，使二者联系起来。
2）关系代词和关系副词可作定语从句的一个成分。关系代词可作主语、宾语、定语；关系副词可作状语。
3）关系代词和关系副词在从句中代替在他前面的先行词。
1、作主语
All that isneeded is a supply of oil.所需要的是大量的油。（引导词that在句中作主语）
The foreigner who visited our class yesterday is from Canada. 昨天到我班来访的外国人来自加拿大。（引导词who在句中作主语）
2、作宾语
The noodles
The fish
3、作定语
关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。
This is the boy whosemother is our Chinese teacher. 这就是那个男孩，他母亲是我们的语文老师。
注意：关系代词whose在从句中与它所修饰的词一起作介词宾语时，可以跟介词放在主语和从句之间。
The boss in whosecompany Mr. Kang worked called at the hospital. 老板到医院拜访了康先生，康先生在他的公司里工作。
4、作状语
关系副词where, when和why在定语从句中分别作地点状语、时间状语和原因状语。
I'll never forget the time whenwe worked on the farm. 我将永远不会忘记我们在农场工作的那段日子。
The factory wherehis father works is in the west of the city. 他父亲工作的那个工厂在城市的西部。
This is the reason whyhe came late. 这就是他来晚的理由。
That和those可作定语从句的先行词，但this和 these不能，同时，在作先行词时，只有those可指人，试比较：
二、关系代词的用法work
英语中的关系代词有who，whom，whose，which，that和as。它们的用法如下：
1、who，whom的用法
who和whom指人，who在定语从句中作主语；whom在定语从句中作宾语，在限制性定语从句中可省略。在口语中可用who代替whom。
In the beginning, people whobought the tomato often got angry. 起初，买到西红柿的人常常会生气。
2、whose的用法
whose 指人或物，在定语从句中作定语，指物时常可用of which取代。
I have a friend whosefather is a mayor. 我有个朋友，他父亲是市长。
We lived in a housewhose window faces south. 我们住在窗口朝南的房子里。
3、which 的用法
which指物，在定语从句中作主语和宾语，作宾语时，在限制性定语从句中可省略。
They needed a plant whichdidn't need as much water as rice.他们需要一种不像水稻那样需要水的作物。（作主语，不能省略）
It is used to record the tickets
4、that 的用法
that 多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，指物时其用法和which大致相同，但也有区别。
All the people thatcome from the country work much harder. 所有来自农村的人工作都更努力。（that指人，在从句中作主语，不能省略）
She is the only person
5、关系代词that和which的区别
（1)相同点
The train that 用that，不用which的情况
①当先行词是不定代词all, one, few, little, everything, nothing,any, anything, little等不定代词或被它们修饰时。
Is there anythingthat I can do for you?
He answered few questions thatthe teacher asked.
②当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。
This was one of the most interesting books thatwere sold in this book store.这是这家书店售出的最有趣的书之一。
③当先行词有the very，the only，the same等修饰时。
That’s the only thing thatwe can do now.目前我们只能这样了。
Those arethe very words thathe used.那就是他的原话。
They were talking aboutthe persons and things that they saw in the factory.他们在谈论在工厂里看到的人和事。
China is not the countrythat it was.中国已经不是过去的中国了。
⑥当要避免与疑问词which重复时。
Which is the car that was made in Beijing?哪辆车是北京制造的?
⑦当先行词为the way, the time, the period等时，关系代词常用that，但通常被省略。
I don't like the way用which，不用that的情况
①引导非限制性定语从句。
Football, whichis an interesting game, is played all over the world.全世界都踢足球，它是一项有趣的运动。
②直接放在介词后作宾语时。
Language is the most important tool withoutwhichpeople can't communicate with each other.语言是最重要的工具，没有它，人们便无法交流。
6、关系代词who与that的区别
（1）当先行词是he、people、those，elder等时，引导词常用who。
He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man. 不到长城非好汉。
Those whoare for me, put up your hands. 同意我的人请举手。
（2）当引导词作定语从句的表语时常用that。
She isn't the little girl thatshe used to be. 她再也不是过去的那个小姑娘了。
He is the man that I asked for help yesterday.他就是我昨天求助的人。
7、as的用法
（1）as引导限制性定语从句通常构成such...as或the same...as固定搭配，as在从句中可作主语、表语或宾语。
Many of the sports were the same asthey are now.过去的许多运动项目同现在的一样。such…that…与such…as
“such…that…”表示“如此……以致……”的意思，用来引导一个结果状语从句；而“such…as…”表“像……这样的……”的意思，用来引导定语从句，as在从句中充当主、宾或表语等。
He is such an honest man that we respect him.他是一个如此诚实的人以至于我们都尊敬他。
He is such an honest man as we respect.他像我们所尊敬的这种诚实的人。
（3）the same…that…与the same as
“the same…that…”表同一人或物，而“the same…as…”表同种类的东西。试比较下列两个句子：
This is the same book thatI lost.这就是我丢失那本书。（指同一本书）
This isthe same book as I lost.这本书跟我丢失那本书一模一样。（并不是原来的那一本）
（4）as 引导非限制性定语从句
as作关系代词，还可用来引导非限制性定语从句，可以用来代替一个句子或单词，as引导的句子可放在句首、句末或句中。
The moon, as is known to everybody, travels round the earth once every month.
As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
英语中的关系副词有where，when，why等。
1、when的用法
when指时间，修饰表时间的先行词，在定语从何中作时间状语。
July and August are the monthswhen the weather is hot. 七八月是天气很热的月份。
2、where的用法
where指地点，修饰表地点的先行词，在定语从句中作地点状语。
She will go home whereshe can rest. 她要回家了，在家里她可以休息。
注意：先行词为表示时间、地点的名词时，关系词不一定都用when或where。如果关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，就要用关系代词whch或that。
This is the factory that/which we visitedlast year.这是我们去年参观的那家工厂。
I won't forget the time that we spentin the countryside.我永远不会忘记我在农村度过的那段时光。
3、why的用法
why指原因，修饰名词reason，在定语从句中作原因状语。
This is the reason whyhe did so. 这就是他这样做了的理由。
Do you know the reason whyhe left early?你知道他为什么早走吗？
“介词+关系代词”的结构是一较为复杂的问题，初学英语者对此往往感到棘手。因此，下面仅就几种常见的“介词+关系代词”的结构浅析如下。
1、介词+which在定语从句中分别作时间、地点和原因状语
介词+which在关系分句中分别作时间，地点和原因状语，代替相应的关系副词when，where和why。
I still remember the dayon which 形式上不同
非限制性定语从句在书写时往往用逗号和主句分开，而限制性定语从句不用逗号与主句分开。
Last night I saw a very good film，which was about the Long March.
The man whom I met in the street was a driver.
（2）可否省略的不同
限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义，而非限制性定语从句是对先行词作的附加说明，即使去掉，主句的意思仍然完整。
I was the only person in my office who was invited.
They set up a state of their own, where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves.
（3）关系代词的不同
非限制性定语从句不能用that代替who，whom和which，并且关系代词在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时也不能省略，但在限制性定语从句中却恰恰相反。如:
This is the best film 翻译方式不同
She is the nurse who looks after the children.她就是照料这些孩子的阿姨。
This note was left by Xiao Wu, who was here a moment ago.这个条子是小吴留的，她刚才到这儿来过。
比较:
He has a brother, who lives in Beijing.相同之处
当从句位于主句之后，引导词指代整个主句所表达的全部意义时，as和which可以互换。
The elephant is like a snake, as/which everybody can see.热和人都看得出，这头大象像条蛇。
He is an Englishman, as/which I know from his accent.他是一个英国人，那时我从他的口音上知道的。
①as引导非限制性定语从句时，位置比较灵活，可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之中或之后，而which引导非限制性定语从句只能位于主句之后，不能谓语主句之前。
Robert is good at languages, as we all know. 罗伯特擅长学语言，这我们都知道。
As is known to all, China will be an advanced and powerful country in 20 or 30 years’ time. 都知道,再过二十到三十年，中国将成为一个强大先进的国家。
Air, as we know, is a gas. 我们知道，空气是一种气体。
注意：as引导非限制性定语从句常有“如同……那样”的含义，因此在一些固定结构如as we know/as is known to allin which 2)that 3)不填。
Tell me the way （不填；in which; that）you came here.告诉我你是怎么来的。
2、当先行词是time意为：次数，时引导定语从句的关系词有两种情况：1）不填 2)that。
This is the first time I have been here.这是我第一次来这里。
3、当先行词是one of+复数名词时，定语从句的谓语动词用复数。
He is one of the students who were praised yesterday.他是昨天受到表扬的学生之一。
4、当先行词是the (only) one of+复数名词时，定语从句的谓语动词用单数。
He is the only one of the students who was praised yesterday.他是昨天唯一受到表扬的学生。返回搜狐，查看更多